Photography Specializations

Serious photographers eventually proceed to focus on specialized areas of expertise that they are most comfortable with and which give them the greatest personal satisfaction. The more popular areas of specialization are the following:

Fashion Photography

1. Sports photography—generally a service to document the highlights of important games or sports events for news networks and magazine and newspaper publishers. The demand is created by the hunger of the general public, sports fans, and individual athletes’ fan clubs for the latest exploits by their sports heroes. In this specialty, photographers need to be skilled in the use of high exposure speeds to capture split-second action without flash, since the use of flashes and strobes is distracting to athletes and thus is not allowed in sports events.
2. Fashion and commercial photography—designed to emphasize the attractiveness and aesthetic appeal of manufactured products, clothing designs and fabrics/textures, eye-catching faces and figures of people modelling the products, all intended to maximize brand recognition and exposure to public awareness, and in particular to grab and retain the interest of their respective target audiences and niche markets. Photographers in this field are good at controlling lighting devices to obtain proper contrast and saturated colours and in composing or arranging products and models to avoid static, boring images.
3. Industrial and architectural photography—aimed at illustrating processes and methods for purposes of technical documentation or employee training and also to showcase well-designed buildings, bridges, piers and airports, and residential or office interiors. Photographers specializing in this field are careful about the angles used in photographing details of everything from large machinery to minute parts, or from whole structures to individual joints or welds. A sub-niche is medical photography, where detailed anatomical images are important for the study of normal as well as abnormal conditions of human physiology and the organisms that affect them.
4. Landscape and seascape photography—usually sought by art publishers and collectors for use as material for home and office decoration, book covers, tourism campaigns, art publications, postcards, and posters. Photographers in this field need to be skilled at using ambient or available light, various lenses, different apertures or lens openings, and long exposure times especially for night-time photographs.
5. Portrait photography—came about as the original form of photography: as an innovation to replace portrait paintings, where the subject had to sit still for long hours. The expert portrait photographer is highly skilled at conveying character and personality and uses critical judgment in the use of such opposite techniques as soft focus vs. fine detail enhancement, blurry background vs. detailed background, backlighting, fill lighting, and so on, to either bring out or subdue highlights and shadows.

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